I want to look at this week’s haftorah, a vision of the future גאולה:
And obviously, כל צמא לכו למים is a metaphor:
This comes from the gemara and midrash:
But I want to look at the rest of the pasuk. There are three drinks in the metaphor:
Putting your drinks in metal containers leaches out the metal; you should use cheap pottery flasks. But that’s not specific to מים ויין וחלב.
So I wanted to think about תורה as “metaphee” for יין וחלב. Wine seems pretty obvious:
Just as wine makes us happy, so too does Torah make us happy.
But we still haven’t figured out milk. What could milk symbolize? It is not a common thing in תנ״ך; it is sometimes used as a symbol of whiteness ((בראשית מט:יב) וּלְבֶן שִׁנַּיִם מֵחָלָב), but that doesn’t fit with Torah. The most common use (18 times in the concordance, out of 44 total) is the familiar phrase describing ארץ ישראל:
Now, that could be a symbol of Torah as well:
ארץ זבת חלב ודבש is both a more literal image of fruitfulness, and a metaphor for the Torah of the land of Israel. That is one meaning for the custom of eating cheesecake on שבועות.
But that is our question: why is milk a metaphor for Torah? What is the milkiness of Torah?
There are only three times when milk is actually consumed, as part of the narrative, in תנ״ך.
It’s always in the context of going beyond the expected, of a gift. And it’s not drunk as milk; it is as חמאה (which may mean butter in modern Hebrew, but in תנ״ך probably means cream or curds). Normal people can’t drink much milk.
So normal adults can’t drink milk at all, and even babies can’t drink non-human milk. Milk products are a special treat—you use milk to make חמאה, milk shakes.
To summarize: חלב is a symbol of luxury. It is what you serve your guests.
The pasuk in שיר השירים is describing the דוד's overwhelming love:
And the יין and חלב are part of that, the social drinks for the רעים.
So Malbim says that לכו למים and לכו שברו…יין וחלב symbolize two different aspects of תורה ומצוות:
This idea, that there are are aspects of Torah that are more central, more important to learn, than others, is expressed in the Mishna:
And that is part of ישעיה's metaphor: for מים, you need to go: לכו, but for יין וחלב, you can shop: לכו שברו. As we noted before, אין אדם לומד תורה אלא ממקום שלבו חפץ.
יין and חלב, as פרפראות לחכמה, are fascinating and engrossing, but they aren’t the meat of what our learning should be. Overindulging just leads to hangovers and stomach aches.
And I think that is an important and interesting distinction. But this shiur is a failure. I started it trying to connect the symbolism of the haftorah with the pasuk in the parsha:
And that we need to realize the difference between what is necessary and what is luxury, and not mix them, but at the same time realize there is still a place for ידיעות המושכלות ולידע כל דבר על אמתתו בעיון, ומצוות שהם למדות חסידות.
But I couldn’t find any sources arguing in that direction and I’m personally not sure it works. So I leave this shiur with: