In past years, I’ve attempted to defend קרח and דתן ואבירם. This year I want to look at those חמשים ומאתים נשיאי עדה.
As Rashi describes the story:
Who was אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן שְׁדֵיאוּר?
The story of the cloaks of תכלת is of course connected to the end of last week’s parasha and the מצוה of ציצת, and rhetorically with Korach’s claim that כל העדה כלם קדשים: if the people are all “תכלת” then why have a special string of תכלת? But I want to put a different spin on that metaphor.
The text does not identify the חמשים ומאתים, the way it does קרח and דתן ואבירם. It’s part of the ambiguity about them. Are they villains or victims?
I think the Baal HaTurim is specifically mentioning their חכמה and עושר because those are the qualifications for רוח הקודש:
Note that גבורה is missing here. They are lacking in the self-restraint of הכובש את יצרו. That will be important later on.
But they are also אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם like דור המבול. Artscroll’s Baal Haturim commentary connects this comment to Rashi’s second understanding of the term:
The 250 נשיאים are ambiguous characters.
The Netziv defends them:
And what happens to them in the end?
This reminds us of a previous אש יצאה מאת ה׳:
And Rashi makes an obscure comment about their motives:
The Netziv explains:
The problem was that the 250, like נדב ואביהו, tried too hard. They knew what would happen, but they so wanted to get close to ה׳ that they were willing, even eager, to be consumed by the אש יצאה מאת ה׳.
An interesting article on Torah Musings by Leonard Grunstein connects this eagerness to a well-known aggadah about the quintessential נשיא, Nachshon:
The נשיאים also do things their own way. They don’t take instruction or accept limits from others. We see this in the building of the משכן:
ה׳ commanded the people to give to מלאכת המשכן:
And there was no command to give gifts for the חנוכת המזבח. For that reason, Moshe didn’t want to accept those gifts:
Mr. Grunstein summarizes:
They wanted to express their אהבת ה׳ in the way that they saw fit, and would not accept any limitations on it. They meant well, and that was their undoing.
And the טַלִּיתוֹת שֶׁכֻּלָּן תְּכֵלֶת?
What does the תכלת symbolize?
The image of the sapphire כסא הכבוד comes from the episode at מעמד הר סיני when Moshe, Aharon and the זקנים (presumably including the נשיאים) had a vision of ה׳:
If תכלת symbolizes the כסא הכבוד, the literal nature of the Divine, then being wrapped in תכלת means being one with the כסא הכבוד. Rav Neuwirth of Yeshivat Orot Shaul in Ra’anana points out that תכלת needs to be seen from afar:
A טלית שכולה תכלת is the ultimate expression of אהבת ה׳. But the goal of unalloyed אהבה is to break all boundaries and remove the separation with the object of that love. We can’t do that with הקב״ה.
The Rambam says that our אהבת ה׳ should lead to יראת ה׳:
The חמשים ומאתים נשיאי עדה could not control their אהבת ה׳. They wanted to experience a טלית שכולה תכלת. And that was their undoing.