This shiur is based on a two-part shiur by Professor Yonatan Grossman (part 1, part 2).
This week’s parsha deals with the “תורות” (in this context, the procedures) of the various sacrifices. Last week dealt with the slaughtering and actual offering; this week deals with what the owner has to do.
We know that the שלמים is a very different kind of קרבן; it’s a barbecue, not a sacrifice. And the fact that it has to be eaten in 1-2 days means that it must be shared. We celebrate our blessings with שלמים, but have to celebrate them with others.
After that, there is a second paragraph about שלמים:
In addition to eating the meat with the community, there is a תנופה—a waving ceremony—with the fats that are burned on the מזבח and the portions that are given to the כהן. While in the פשט, the חזה and the שוק—the brisket and the shank—are offered very differently (only the חזה is apparently waved with the חלב; the שוק is just given), the halacha is that both are waved:
The law that both are part of the תנופה is a דרש from a later pasuk about the קרבן מלואים, a specific, one-time שלמים.
Then why does the פשט make the distinction? And even in the latter pasuk, the two cuts are different: שוק התרומה and חזה התנופה. But both are “תרומה”, gifts to the כהן, and both are “תנופה”, part of the waving in front of the מזבח.
But first, why those two cuts? We need to note that they are different from the portions that are given to the כהן from non-sacrificial, חולין, meat:
That has it’s own symbolism (see Rashi, ואכמ״ל), but very few commentators say anything about the symbolism of שוק and חזה.
I would put it a little differently. With my קרבן שלמים, I am celebrating the gifts that I have, and I share them both with my community and with ה׳. I do that by acknowledging that those gifts are “מלאכה” in the sense we used last time, the agents by which I accomplish my role in the world. It’s not a celebrating of having stuff for stuff’s sake. And I do that by inviting ה׳'s representative to my party, and giving them, symbolically, the arm and heart, my actions and the intentions behind those actions.
It’s a gastronomic expression of the idea in שיר השירים:
But the two cuts of meat are different; they are the שוק התרומה and חזה התנופה. And the Torah tells us that they are given to different sets of כהנים : והיה החזה לאהרן ולבניו vs. המקריב את דם השלמים ואת החלב מבני אהרן; לו תהיה שוק הימין למנה.
תרומה is a gift from us to the כהן. It is a payment, as it were, for his role as the intermediary between us and הקב״ה. It goes to a specific כהן. The תנופה with the חלב means that the חזה is given to be burned on the מזבח, and then ה׳ gives it to the כהן:
The שלום of שלמים celebrates our relationships with both הקב״ה and our fellow human beings.
And the שוק התרומה and חזה התנופה are like shadchanus, which is paid by both sides for bringing the couple together.
I think those particular gifts were chosen because of what they symbolize:
Fundamentally, we can have an intermediary for the things we do. We can appoint a כהן to do the עבודה that we can’t do ourselves, and give him a nice shank roast for his efforts. But for שכל העיוני, for our own feelings and intentions, we can’t have someone else think for us. We lift our hearts up to the מזבח, and offer the חזה to ה׳. ה׳ then turns around and tells the כהן, ”you take this, and bring שלום to the world“.