This week’s parsha continues Moshe’s speech to בני ישראל, about אהבת ה׳ and יראת ה׳.
Rabbi Shimon Schwab is bothered by the contrast with last week’s parsha:
I will develop this is a slightly different way than Rav Schwab does. Our passage starts with the idea that ה׳ asks of (שאל מעמך) to fear Him (ליראה את ה׳), but uses the term כי אם, “only”, as though that is the only thing He asks. This leads to the famous statement of חז״ל:
In this reading,
יראת שמים is a synecdoche for free will. That free will, that moral choice, is not determined by ה׳. And choosing יראת שמים is the first step to obeying ה׳, and all the subsequent expressions in the passage: ללכת בכל דרכיו ולאהבה אתו וגו׳. One way of looking at creation is that we are all “figment’s of G-d’s imagination”; in Rambam’s terms, G-d’s knowledge is synonymous with reality. That is what it means to say ה׳ הוא האלקים בשמים ממעל ועל הארץ מתחת; אין עוד. There is nothing else.
But that isn’t true. We have the idea of צמצום, that ה׳ allows for space for us to exist independently. That allows for our own בחירה and it means that from that perspective, it is not true that אין עוד. יראת שמים is not part of הן לה׳ אלקיך השמים ושמי השמים הארץ וכל אשר בה. It’s a dialectic; both perspectives (G-d’s immanence and transcendence) are true.
And חז״ל learn a different thing from our pasuk:
(as an unrelated point, the Greek word ἓν, hen, is part of one of my favorite rhetorical terms, hendiadys (from ἓν διὰ δυοῖν) which just means “two-for-one” but sounds so fancy in Greek).
The only thing that ה׳ has in this world, the one thing that matters in creation, is the one thing that ה׳ does not control, our free will.
But the list of מה ה׳ אלקיך שאל מעמך is much longer than just ליראה את ה׳. Soon, we will start saying תהילים כז, לדוד ה׳ אורי, with the well known pasuk, אחת שאלתי מאת ה׳:
The bottom line is that our יראת ה׳ can’t be just in our minds. It needs to lead to action: ליראה את ה׳ אלקיך ללכת בכל דרכיו means “fear G-d so that you will walk in His ways”.
And that connects to a linguistic oddity of our pasuk: מה ה׳ אלקיך שאל מעמך is wrong. It should be מה ה׳ אלקיך שאל ממך.
Rav Schwab points out that if Hirsch is correct, then מה ה׳ אלקיך שאל מעמך means, “What does ה׳ borrow from you?” What does that mean?
So הכל בידי שמים, חוץ מיראת שמים and אין לו להקדוש ברוך הוא בעולמו אלא יראת שמים בלבד. ה׳ asks to “borrow” our יראת שמים, our awe of the Divine, that we freely choose to acknowledge, so that He can “fill” it will all the מצוות that will allow us to fulfill the ultimate purpose of creation. As Rav Soloveitchik puts it: