This Sunday is the twentieth yahrzeit of my father, הרב מאיר בן דוד עזריאל ע״ה. May our learning be a זכות for his נשמה.
This week’s parsha describes the war against Midian:
I am not going to go into the morality of genocide, slavery and pillaging, though it is important. I am going to look at a lecture that Elazar, the כהן גדול, gave the soldiers after the war:
What is this doing here? There have been other instances of plunder after war:
I would assume that they needed to know the halachot of טבילה and ליבון then as well. My model would be that Moshe told them the laws as he learned them in the אוהל מועד, and repeated them after each battle, when they were relevant. Rashi says the lecture is mentioned here, to teach us something about Moshe. This lecture was by Elazar; Moshe had previously talked to the soldiers:
There’s a
subtle point here. Rambam famously says that Moshe’s sin at מי מריבה was in getting angry:
But Rashi says the sin was in striking the rock. The reason Moshe sinned was his anger. Anger leads even the greatest of teachers, משה רבינו, to error.
The Sifrei that is Rashi’s source adds another point:
That explains why Elazar starts with “אך”. He is respectfully adding onto Moshe’s words.
To imagine the scene,
Moshe gives his usual post-pillage lecture but gets angry and leaves out the halachot of kashering and toveling. Elazar whispers, “Uncle Moshe, do you want to tell them the other halachot?” (I call this the interrogative imperative mood). Moshe tells him, “You do it”.
שמות רבה adds another example:
So this is an important message about anger, and about how important it is to keep your temper, because losing your temper leads to bad decisions.
And the חזקה of three instances of Moshe’s losing his temper leads, in a literary tragic flaw sense, to Moshe’s ultimate failure.
As Yoda says:
But it seems like the Torah is piling on Moshe. Why make that point so many times? The the climax should be at the sin of מי מריבה. Why does the Torah add our story? I haven’t found an answer but I am going to propose an idea. I think the halachot of kashering and toveling serve as a metaphor. The flames of kashering may burn away impurities but it can’t end there; purity doesn’t come from the fire but from the waters of the מקוה. The fire can be necessary; we can’t eliminate the display of anger. But it needs to be under tight control, always intentional. It’s the “losing” part of losing ones temper that is the problem.
And I have to say that is one thing my father embodied. I don’t think I ever saw him angry; not really angry. When he raised his voice, you could tell it was controlled and purposeful and ended immediately. I have always tried to emulate that.