This week’s parsha starts with a speech by Moshe to his “chiefs of staff” (I love that pun):
Rashi (based on the Sifrei) comments on the language Moshe uses:
This expression encapsulates the difference between Moshe’s נבואה and that of other נביאים:
The Maharal adds an important point: Moshe still used כֹּה אָמַר ה׳; he was still a traditional נביא. It was only in his role as receiver of the Torah that his statements have this additional character:
But this is at the end of ספר במדבר. Why make the point here?
Rav Kamenetsky says זה הדבר has to be emphasized in the laws of נדרים, because נדרים effectively allow us to create our own religion:
And just about everything we do as Jews falls into this category. There are הלכות, but most of the things that affect our daily lives are מנהגים, which are a type of (personal, family or communal) נדר:
So, says Rav Kamenetsky, נדרים have to be within the context of זה הדבר, the word of G‑d to Moshe. The things Moshe says are not מנהגים.
That’s what I would call the classical approach to מוסף עליהם משה שנתנבא בלשון זֶה הַדָּבָר. Rav Copperman adds a new twist, based on a Rashi from last week’s parsha. פרשת פנחס ends with a summary pasuk:
It’s so odd to have a summary there (with so many chapters still to go) that the Christian division of the chapters assumed it was an introduction to our parsha (ויאמר משה אל בני ישראל…וידבר משה אל ראשי המטות); that’s why our parsha starts with פסוק ב. But in the Torah, there is a paragraph break here; the pasuk clearly goes with the previous paragraph. Rashi says:
This is very hard to understand.
Rav Copperman connects this to an aggadah from the aftermath of חטא העגל:
ויחל is an unusual word for praying in תנ״ך. The midrash connects it to the more common sense of “profane”, as in our parsha: לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ:
The wording of the aggadah implies that this law, of התרת נדרים, was not part of the תורה שבעל פה that ה׳ gave Moshe, but was Moshe’s דרשה on the text of the תורה שבכתב that he had been taught. The mishna emphasizes this:
In other words, למדו ממשה רבינו doesn’t mean Moshe learned the laws of התרת נדרים directly from ה׳, but as a דרשה from the words of לא יחל דברו.
Moshe’s נבואה at the level of זה הדבר meant that he was given the text of the תורה שבכתב, 40 years before it was actually written, along with the rules for reconstructing the halacha, the תורה שבעל פה,
from that text (המדות שהתתורה נדרשת בהם). זה הדבר was given to ראשי המטות לבני ישראל, to the leaders of the people, at this moment of transition from the revelation of Moshe to the state of לא בשמים היא. זה הדבר tells us that the text of the Torah we have represents the will of G-d (which fundamentally is what the תורה שבעל פה is) and allows us to use the rules of דרשה to further our own understanding.