And neither Kirk can command the ship. They need to be merged back together to be effective. In this week’s parsha we don’t have a transporter malfunction; we have a communication malfunction that splits בני ישראל, destroying the hope that this would be the new generation that will be the nation that carries on the legacy of the אבות.
And this foreshadows a greater split to come.
It’s important to realize that this division of the country was not just a political split but a split in what it means to be בני ישראל. Let’s look at the haftorah, the נבואה of עמוס, who was the נביא of the destruction of the northern kingdom.
At one level, this is the haftorah because of the implied connection to our parsha: על מכרם בכסף צדיק alludes to the sale of Yosef. But if we look at the entire perek of עמוס, we see there is also a contrast between פשעי ישראל and פשעי יהודה.
This idiom, of “N and N+1”, is used in תנ״ך to describe something that is the final straw.
Notice that עמוס describes
different sins that broke the camel’s back. Yehuda was faithful to ה׳ (they had the בית המקדש) but were lacking in their בין אדם לחבירו.
So when they finally betray ה׳—על מאסם את תורת ה׳ וחקיו לא שמרו—that was the final sin that led to their destruction.
The kingdom of ישראל was different. It was full of idol worship, and even when the served ה׳, they had their own religious centers outside the בית המקדש. But they were united, and they cared about each other.
So their loss of חסד—על מכרם בכסף צדיק—leads to their final destruction.
And we need both to truly serve ה׳.
So יהודה was the צדיק שאינו טוב and ישראל was the רשע שאינו רע.
Rav Lichtenstein, in a famous lecture, said that the distinction is more subtle that simply בין אדם למקום and בין אדם לחבירו. He calls the distinction Being Frum and Being Good.
It’s worth reading the article in its entirety. But to summarize: frumkeit means being commanded. I act because הקב״ה wants me to. “Goodness” refers to “that which is intrinsically morally good”. I act because what I do is inherently right; I have a sense of morality.
There is an
echo here of Plato’s Euthyphro dilemma.
But here we are not looking at the nature of good and just, but our attitude toward them. Doing the right thing is not supererogatory but obligatory, but what makes it obligatory? Do we do the right thing because ה׳ commands it, or because we know that it is morally right?
Goodness without commandedness leads to arbitrary definitions of “good” that can lead to the most heinous evil.
Frumkeit without goodness is technically impossible; ה׳ commands us to be good. But, as a practical matter, if we don’t have an inner sense of morality, then we will make bad choices about what we are commanded to do.
So: should we do the right thing because ה׳ commands it, or because we know that it is morally right? Yes. The Sifra says that we should be frum, without any thought of being good.
Rambam says it’s not so simple.
So, in essence,
ישראל kept the משפטים while יהודה kept the חוקים. The northern kingdom was good and the southern kingdom was frum. And one without the other is doomed to fail. The only way to achieve our destiny is to repair the transporter and bring the halves together.
That is יחזקאל's vision of the future, that we read as the haftorah for פרשת ויגש.
I don’t comment on contemporary politics, but it is clear that the only way ישראל can survive is if we bring the frum and the good together, והיו לאחדים בידך.