This shiur is a re-presentation of שבת וירא תשע״ד, based on Dr. Michelle Levine’s The Potency of Prayer, from Mitokh Ha-Ohel, pp. 45-60.
Before Yitzchak is born, Avraham and Sara move to the land of פלישתים, and אבימלך the king takes Sara.
As a side point, I was always confused by Rashi’s comment:
Sara had talking camels and donkeys? Until I realized the vowelization: וְגַמָּלִים וְחַמָּרִים means literally “camellers and donkeyers”, camel and donkey drivers.
Anyway, it is clear that the affliction of עצר בעד כל רחם is a euphemism for something that affected men and women alike, especially אבימלך himself.
Meir Sternberg points out something odd. כי עצר עצר ה׳ בעד כל רחם is in the past perfect; it had obviously already happened before ה׳ appeared to אבימלך. Contrast this to the way that the affliction of Pharaoh is described:
Rashi picks up on this from ה׳'s words:
Sternberg just points this out, as an example of how the narrative plays with our expectation. He doesn’t address why the text would want to do this.
What does it mean, השב אשת האיש כי נביא הוא ויתפלל בעדך? It can’t mean, “return his wife because he is a prophet”; if he wasn’t a prophet, אבימלך wouldn’t have to return Sara?
So Rashi says, כי נביא הוא is the reason for ויתפלל בעדך: he is a prophet, so he will know that you are innocent.
That fits the flow of the text until the last line, when it becomes clear that אבימלך isn’t as innocent as he initially sounded. I think the text is focusing on what it means to say ויתפלל אברהם. Avraham, knowing that אבימלך wasn’t innocent but has tried to make amends, still prays for him. And it was an innovation in prayer:
Rashbam explains כי נביא הוא ויתפלל בעדך as “as a prophet, I will listen to his prayer”.
But notice the irony: if we understand Avraham’s importance as a נביא solely in the fact that G-d talks to him, then אבימלך is also a נביא. After all, the comment of השב אשת האיש כי נביא הוא is G-d speaking to אבימלך! Couldn’t he just pray for himself? The answer is that a נביא isn’t just someone to whom G-d talks. It means much more. As the Rambam says:
So the essence of being a נביא is not the hearing G-d’s voice; that is a miracle that may or may not come. The essence is the preparation, the study, that brings on Rambam’s “state of perfection”. The נביא is not one with whom G-d talks; he is one who knows how to talk with G-d.
As Rav Soloveichik says:
A נביא is one who knows להתפלל. And more, who knows to pray for others. Avraham had made that mistake before:
Avraham’s initial prayers for children were aimed at himself and caused more trouble than they solved. In our perek, he has learned that and demonstrates it.
And his son learned the same lesson:
So ואם אינך משיב דע כי מות תמות; אבימלך's survival depends on his returning Sara. But
השב אשת האיש כי נביא הוא ויתפלל בעדך: Avraham is a נביא and understands what תפילה is and he needs to pray, for his own sake and for his destiny, but the way to do that is to pray for others. Prayer cannot be selfish; we daven in the plural. I don’t know if Avraham needed this lesson, but we certainly do.