This week’s parsha starts with the last three מכות. Rashi asks an odd question on מכת חושך:
It’s an odd question because he doesn’t ask this about the other מכות. In fact, he’s already given an overall reason for the מכות in last week’s parsha:
Saber Rattling
Overtly and often exaggeratedly threatening actions or statements (such as verbal threats or ostentatious displays of military power) that are meant to intimidate an enemy by suggesting possible use of force.
The Tanchuma that Rashi quotes sees the sequence of מכות as a gradual escalation against Pharaoh, to avert the final slaughter of the firstborn.
What’s interesting is that here, for מכת חושך, Rashi does not give the Tanchuma’s answer. He changes his midrashic source:
Rashi sees that the pasuk repeats the phrase שלשת ימים and says that there were two reasons for the plague. But neither reason is לא חזרו, חבשן בבית האסורים.
To understand this, we need to look at the difference between מכת ברד, last week, and מכת ארבה, this week. In both cases, ה׳ gives the reason for the מכה.
I think Rashi changes his midrashic approach to the מכות because the מכות change. The first 7 are aimed at Pharaoh, but from ארבה on, ה׳ hardens his heart and removes his free will. He and the Egyptians are no longer relevant; in gamer terms, Pharaoh is now an NPC. The rest of the מכות are in order to give Israel a story to tell; אשר התעללתי במצרים, how I played with the formerly-mighty Egypt. ארבה is adding insult to injury: (שמות י:ה) ואכל את יתר הפלטה הנשארת לכם מן הברד.
So then Rashi’s question is למה הביא מכת חשך? Why not go straight to מכת בכורות, the climactic scene with all the special effects?
The description of the מכה makes us imagine a play, where the actors freeze, the lights dim, and selected actors are spotlighted as they move about and talk about the scene. לא קמו איש מתחתיו…ולכל בני ישראל היה אור במושבתם. The focus from here is on בני ישראל, not מצרים. This is the beginning of Israel’s role in the Exodus; after this follows (שמות יב:ג) ויקחו להם איש שה לבית אבת and the actual מצוות of יציאת מצרים. But there needs to be something before that.
And we’ve discussed the translation of וינצלו את מצרים as “they saved Egypt” before; the כלי כסף וכלי זהב ושמלת were reparations.
מכת חושך was the preparation for יציאת מצרים. Before בני ישראל could do the מצוות that would make them worthy of being saved, דם מילה and דם פסח, they needed to decide that they would be saved. They could not become an independent nation if they were not determined to leave Egypt; לא היו רוצים לצאת, ומתו. But equally, they could not become an independent nation unless they determined to leave Egypt and their victimhood behind: וינצלו את מצרים.
מכת חושך was the time when בני ישראל could decide for themselves, without the pressure of Egyptian culture, what their future would be.