This week’s parsha ends with the פרשת המועדים, the summary of all the יומים טובים, the cycle of the Jewish year. But before that is a set of laws about שחיטה:
There is a famous discussion about the reason behind this halacha.
We dealt with this in פרשת כי תצא תשע״ג but I’d like to take it in a different direction. The gemara seems to argue that, in fact, there is no message behind אתו ואת בנו.
But that may be a specific מצווה about תפילה, not about טעמי המצוות in general.
Even though we don’t mention these מצוות of חסד to animals in our תפילה, we make a point of including אתו ואת בנו in our יום טוב Torah reading.
The Torah reading for פסח is more complicated than that:
But still, when we read פרשת המועדים we start with the previous paragraph, the one with אתו ואת בנו.
The question then is, why? The section dealing with the מועדים themselves is 7 paragraphs long, plenty long for a קריאה all by itself. Why this prologue? You could argue that it is practical; יום טוב means a lot of meat, so it’s worth reviewing the laws of שחיטה and זביחה.
But this paragraph is not about the laws of שחיטה. It’s about a subset of the laws of שחיטה and of שלמים. The actual laws of שחיטה aren’t in the Torah at all.
So I would argue that these three laws, שבעת ימים תחת אמו, אתו ואת בנו, and ביום ההוא יאכל are included in the Torah reading about יום טוב because of what they teach us. There is a פיוט by Elazar HaKallir written for the second day of פסח that mentions אתו ואת בנו:
Tosfot are bothered by this, since it seems to ask that ה׳ have mercy on us, just as ה׳ had mercy on the cows. But that goes against the gemara we cited before:
But as I would read it, the Kallir says צדקו אותו ואת בנו, “Justify the law of it and its child”, in the sense of “see the justice in this law”. It is a lesson to us, how we are to act on this יום טוב. The Targum Jonathan says something similar:
The message of אותו ואת בנו is not “ה׳ is merciful to all creatures; so too may He be merciful to us”. It’s “ה׳ is merciful to all creatures; so too may we be merciful to each other”. והיה שבעת ימים תחת אמו teaches us to have pity on the calf and that leads to caring about other human beings. The ultimate expression of this is ביום ההוא יאכל לא תותירו ממנו עד בקר: when we have an entire cow that needs to be eaten in a day, we have to share.
And so the קריאה for יום טוב starts with the laws that teach us the feelings of גמילות חסדים, and right in the middle has the laws of the actions of גמילות חסדים:
And the parallel list of מועדים in ספר דברים makes this explicit:
As the Rambam puts it, יום טוב should be about our souls, not about our stomachs.