ืื ืืืืืฉ ืฉืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืื ืชื ืงืืืข ื ืืฉืช ืขื ืจืืฉื; ืืืืืฉ ืืชื ืฉืจืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืช ืืจืื ืืขื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืื ืื ื ืกื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืกืืชื; ืืืกืจื ืืื ืืขืืืื
ื ืืืงื ืืงืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืฉื ืืืงื ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืฉื ืืชื ืืืื ืืจืขืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืืืงืื ืืงืืขื ืืืื; ืืืืฉ ืื ืืคืืฉืชืื
ืื ืืืื ืืคืืฉืชื ืืื ืืงืจื ืื ืืื; ืืืืืฉ ื ืฉื ืืฆื ื ืืคื ืืื
ืื ืืืื ืืคืืฉืชื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืื: ืื ืืื ื ืขืจ ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืคื ืืจืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืคืืฉืชื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืื ืืืงืืืช; ืืืงืื ืืคืืฉืชื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืคืืฉืชื ืื ืืื: ืืื ืืื ืืืชื ื ืืช ืืฉืจื ืืขืืฃ ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืฉืืื
ืฉืืืื ื ืคืจืง ืื
Fitted Suit
ืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืกื ืื ืืืืฉ ืขื ืืฉืจื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืืฉื ืืฉืจ ืชืืื ืืืฉ ืืช ืืขืื ืขื ืืืืื; ืืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืืืื
ืืืงืจื ื:ื
ืืื ืื: ืืื ืืืชื ืช. ืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื, ืฉืชืื ืืืืชื.
ืจืฉืดื, ืฉื
ืื means a cloak but has the added significance of โmeasurementโโit has to fit perfectly. The fact that the ื ืืื felt it necessary to emphasize that Saulโs cloak fit David is significant:
ื ืืคืื ืืืืืช ืืืืช ืืื ืืฉื ืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืฉืื , ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืฉืืื ืืืขืื (ืฉืืืื ื ื:ื), ืืืืื ืฉืจืื ืฉืืื ืื , ืืื ืืก ืื ืขืื ืืจืข , ืืืจืืืฉ ืืื ืืืืจ.
ืจืฉืดื, ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื, ืืดื ืืช ืืื ืืืื
ืืืืืฉ ืฉืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืื:
ืืืชืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืขืฉืืืื ืื, ืืืื ืฉืจืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืขืฉืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืก ืื ืขืื ืืจืข, ืืืื ืฉืจืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืก ืื ืขืื ืืจืข ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืกืืชื, ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืงืฆืจ ืืื ืืื ื ืขืฉื ืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืฉืื ืฉื ืืฉื ืืื ืืชื ืืืฆื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืณ ืืืจืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืขืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืฉื ืื. ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชื.
ืืืงืื ืฉืืขืื ื ืจืื ืงืืดื
Whether or not we take the midrash literally that the clothing grew to fit David, it is clear that he appeared โkinglyโ; he was no longer the shepherd boy who played the lyre. Saul noticed the change, and the rumors (as we discussed, it is unclear how public it was) of Davidโs anointing by Samuel became very clearly real.
ืงืืื ืขืืึพืืจืข
Davidโs reaction is interesting: ืืืื ืืืืช ืื ืื ื ืกื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืกืืชื.โ ืืืื means โto wantโ, as in (ืฉืืืช ื:ืื)โ ืืืืื ืืฉื ืืฉืืช ืืช ืืืืฉ.โ ืืืืืดื translates, โDavid wanted to go [with Saulโs armor] because he had never tried them [and didnโt realize how hard it was, but found he couldnโt] and said, โI cannot go with these because I never tried to before.โโ
The Targum translates ืืืื as ืื ืืืโhe did not want to go, since he had never learned how. ืจืฉืดื mentions this translation and that there are many words that mean their own opposites (like dust or cleave in English), but ends with a translation like ืืืืืดื's.
The ืืืงืื ืฉืืขืื ื has a very interesting interpretation; generally like ืืืืืดื (David wanted to wear the armor) but he realized the ืขืื ืืจืข he was creating and quickly removed it, with ืื ื ืกืืชื only an excuse.
Water on the Rock
The ืืคืจืฉืื only note Davidโs ืืืงื ืืื ืื to say that the rocks worn smooth by the water would be good for slinging, but I am reminded of the parable that would become famous through ืจืื ืขืงืืื:
ืื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืื.
ืคืขื ืืืช ืืื ืขืืื ืขื ืคื ืืืืจ.
ืืืจ, ืื ืืงืง ืืื ืื,
ืืืจื ืื, ืืืื ืฉืชืืืจ ื ืืคืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืื.
ืืืจื ืื, ืขืงืืื ืื ืืชื ืงืืจื (ืืืื ืื:ืื) โืืื ืื ืฉืืงื ืืืโ,
ืืื ืืื ืจืื ืขืงืืื ืื ืงื ืืืืืจ ืืขืฆืื:
ืื ืจื ืคืกื ืืช ืืงืฉื, ืืืจื ืชืืจื ืฉืงืฉื ืืืจืื ืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืงืงื ืืช ืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื.
ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืชืืจื.
ืืืืช ืืจืื ื ืชื ื:ื
Defeating Goliath would be a religious act, through the worn rocks that symbolize the power of Torah.
Theodicy
Itโs time to look at Davidโs approach to his enemies, through the eyes of ืชืืืืื.
The ืืขืื ืืืงืจืโthe โtropeโ, the ancient Biblical punctuation, is consistent through all of ืชื ืดื. There are three exceptions: the books of ืืืื,โ ืืฉืืโ and ืชืืืืื. Together they are called ืกืคืจื ืืืดืช, and they have a more elaborate system of ืืขืืื. Calling them books of โืืืชโ is clearly significant, but what do they have in common that separates them from other โphilosophicalโ books like ืงืืืืช? My answer is that these books are the ones that deal, as their major focus, with the fundamental question of Jewish philosophy, ืฆืืืง ืืจืข ืื, why do bad things happen to good people. There are three classical Jewish answers, given in these three books:
- ืืณ's wisdom and plan is too deep for human beings to understand. He is good, but in our limited perspective we may not comprehend His goodness. This is expressed in ืืืื.
- The evil that befalls the good and the reward of the wicked are just; everything that happens to a person is deserved. Bad things that happen to good people is because of the (possibly minor) sins they have committed. This is expressed in ืืฉืื. We have the concept of ืขืืื ืืื where the accounts will finally be settled and the righteous will achieve their true reward.
- ืื ืื ืืืืื. What seems to be a bad thing will be seen to actually to have been for a personโs benefit, not in some vague unknowable sense, but within the personโs own experience. This is the approach of ืชืืืืื.
The contrast with ืงืืืช is telling. ืงืืืช deals with the question of manโs purpose in the world; it ends with the line (ืงืืืืช ืื:ืื)โ ืกืืฃ ืืืจ ืืื ื ืฉืืข ืืช ืืืืงืื ืืจื ืืืช ืืฆืืชืื ืฉืืืจ. The other books start from that assumption, that the purpose of existence is fear of G-d. For instance, (ืชืืืืื ืงืื:ื)โ ืจืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืจืืช ืืณ and (ืืฉืื ืคืจืง ื:ื)โ ืชืืืช ืืืื ืืจืืช ืืณ and (ืืืื ืคืจืง ืื:ืื)โ ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืจืืช ืืณ ืืื ืืืื; ืืกืืจ ืืจืข ืืื ืื.
None of these approaches are completely satisfactory, of course; if there were an easy answer it would not be a hard question. But throughout ืชืืืืื we see Davidโs view of the vicissitudes of life.