This week’s parsha ends with the מצווה of ציצית: our service to G-d comes with strings attached.
Rashi gives two etymologies of the word ציצית:
Ibn Ezra points out that the repetition of והיה לכם לציצת emphasizes the second meaning. ציצית are meant to be looked at.
So
what are we looking at, that וראיתם אתו וזכרתם את כל מצות ה׳? Sforno gives a straightforward answer: ציצית are our livery, our uniform as servants:
But that doesn’t explain the details; why these particular strings? Rashi brings a famous answer:
His source is the במדבר רבה:
The problem is that this answer is wrong, and wrong in so many ways. The gematria of ציצת is not 600 and the מצווה requires neither 8 threads or 5 knots.
Rashi’s commentators assume that the mnemonic of 600+8+5 is not part of the מצווה דאורייתא, but represents how the מצווה has developed and how we look at ציצית now. The gematria is not based on how the Torah spells it, but on how we spell it today.
Why? Because the real object of וראיתם אתו is the פתיל תכלת:
And the פתיל תכלת was lost after the time of the gemara (the “rediscovery” of תכלת is a fascinating subject, but אכמ״ל). So we have Rashi’s mnemonic to remind us of כל מצות ה׳.
But what about תכלת reminds us of כל מצות ה׳? We have talked many times of the sapphire “כסא הכבוד”, and how it symbolizes ה׳'s presence in the world and how we are supposed to be the medium by which that presence is felt.
So we see the sky-blue color and are reminded of how close we are to הקב״ה, and thus of our responsibilities: וזכרתם את כל מצות ה׳ ועשיתם אתם. But the gemara adds another step in the mnemonic:
Where does that ים come from? The proof text only has וּכְעֶצֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם.
ים and רקיע in this image both obey ה׳'s will, but they symbolize different ways of obeying. The heavens love G-d, the depths fear G-d.
And in the words of the gemara, our thoughts of the ים come first. Having a relationship of אהבה alone with הקב״ה is dangerous. (תהלים קיא:י) רֵאשִׁית חָכְמָה יִרְאַת ה׳.
The very idea of מצוות, of being commanded, is only possible out of יראה.
If I look at the תכלת on my ציצית and think of the sky and the Divine Throne, I will love G-d. I will sit with a blissful smile, basking in His glory. But I won’t be obligated in anything.
And that is what we are looking at, when we look at ציצית.