Rabbi Shulman often points out that the middle part of ספר דברים is arranged thematically according to the 10 Commandments:
דברה | פרשה | מצוות |
---|---|---|
אנכי ה׳ | ואתחנן | שמע, מצוות תמידיות |
לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים | עקב | עבודה זרה, ארץ ישראל |
לא תשא את שם ה׳ אלקיך לשוא | ? | ? |
שמור את יום השבת | ראה | שמטה, יום טוב |
כבד את אביך ואת אמך | שופטים | שופט, כהן, מלך, נביא |
So it would appear that the beginning of ראה should correspond to “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy G-d in vain”. But how that is connected is not clear. The parasha appears to be about the establishment of a centralized place of worship, the בית המקדש. The idea of שם ה׳, the name of G-d, does appear, but only in the context of describing the בית המקדש:
What exactly does it mean לשום את שמו, ”to place His name“? We need to look back to the first time the phrase שם ה׳ is used, when Abraham comes to Canaan:
Abraham builds a מזבח and calls out בשם ה׳. רמב״ן explains the connection:
And this becomes the central difference between the משכן and the מקדש. The משכן is a place to worship ה׳, but it is where the Jews worship. Once they are established in the land, אל המנוחה ואל הנחלה, they could start to fulfill their role as an example and role model for the entire world, to הקריא שמו של הקב״ה בפי כל בריה. That is what it means that שם ה׳ is in that place. The sacrifices, the ritual, is necessary but not sufficient to fulfill the destiny of the בית המקדש. It also needs to be the place that ה׳'s influence spreads over the entire world (כי מציון תצא תורה). שלמה saw this as the role of the בית המקדש as well, when he dedicated it:
How does this connect to לא תשא את שם ה׳ אלקיך לשוא? While the halachic meaning of the pasuk is about taking false oaths, the literal meaning is “Do not carry the name of G-d for no purpose”. Since the בית המקדש is what “carries” the name of G-d, it needs to be a קדוש השם, literally has to sanctify that name, and not be a חלול השם, a desecration of the name. And even without a בית המקדש, we all have that responsibility, as the pasuk says (דברים כח:י) וראו כל עמי הארץ כי שם ה׳ נקרא עליך; ויראו ממך.
And רש״י (based on the ספרי) sees a hint to this in our parasha:
And in this week’s haftorah, the נחמה that ה׳ offers ends with the reassurance that in fact, we will be able to return to the בית המקדש and bring ה׳'s message to the world: