There are only two topics for דברי תורה in ויקהל—שבת and the כיור במראות הצבאות. That’s because everything else is a repeat of פרשת תרומה. It’s real easy to learn Rashi on this week’s parsha:
So that raises the meta-question: why repeat it all? Why not just have the summary pasuk:
The building of the משכן is described no less than seven times:
The detailed instructions in פרשת תרומה (with some details in פרשת תצוה and פרשת כי תשא): 110 psukim (not including the בגדי כהונה)
The list of items that need to be anointed, in פרשת כי תשא: 4 psukim
The list of items that Betzalel will make, in פרשת כי תשא: 3 psukim
Moshe’s instructions to the people, with the list of items to be made, in פרשת ויקהל: 8 psukim
The details of actually building the items, in פרשת ויקהל: 80 psukim
The list of items that were brought to Moshe, in פרשת פקודי: 8 psukim
The description of Moshe actually assembling the משכן, in פרשת פקודי: 17 psukim
The short lists don’t bother me, because they are short enough not to give a sense of redundancy. The relatively longer description in פרשת פקודי, about the assembly of the משכן, I find less problematic. There, every paragraph ends with כאשר צוה ה׳ את משה, so the relentless repetition emphasizes that the משכן was done exactly as ה׳ commanded (in contrast to the עגל הזהב). But that phrase doesn’t appear here, in our parsha. The 80 psukim out of 122 total in our parsha seem completely redundant.
Many answers are offered. The Vilna Gaon goes kabbalistic:
This is a reference to the Tanchuma:
אין לך עסק בנסתרות but the repetition gives us a sense that building the משכן was a process. We shouldn’t look at it as a simple “and then it was done”, ותכל כל עבדת משכן; we need to read it deliberately and slowly because that’s how it was built. The question on this midrash remains: what’s the connection between אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל and אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן?
The Netziv makes the point (that we usually make on פרשת חיי שרה, looking at the repetition of Eliezer’s mission to find a wife for Yitzchak and his retelling) that repetition in the Torah serves to highlight the differences in the versions:
Rashi explains one difference (in the order of assembly: פרשת תרומה has the ארון first, where פרשת ויקהל has the structure first:
Similarly, the Netziv explains one שינוי קל:
The differences between the details of the instruction and the details of the building itself represent the fact that בצלאל had a greater understanding of the meaning of the משכן than Moshe did. Moshe knew what to build; בצלאל understood why. Rav Hirsch explains that the very repetition tells us that the builders did not simply follow instructions; they had to delve deeply into the symbolism of the משכן.
The intent of the craftsmen mattered. They weren’t assembly-line robots. The literary technique of repeating each item emphasizes in our mind the deliberate nature of building the משכן. It wasn’t just ויעשו בני ישראל ככל אשר צוה ה׳ את משה.
Ramban adds another aspect:
I think Ramban is saying that Moshe’s ברכה to the people was to list the tasks that each of them had done; all of בני ישראל had donated either time or material to this national project. Reading פרשת ויקהל is like watching the credits at the end of a movie.
Everyone reading פרשת ויקהל could point to their verse, and say, “I did that. I was part of ויעשו בני ישראל ככל אשר צוה ה׳”. And that gets back to the connection between אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל and אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן.
The people as a whole had a שם, a name and identity. פרשת שקלים tells us that we are, individually, not whole unless we are part of the larger whole, ואכמ״ל. But each person also had their own name and identity:
And our parsha turns that identity into a purpose:
And that is what ספר שמות is all about:
We all have a role in bringing the שכינה down to earth, and we all deserve a mention in the closing credits.