Phyllis Shapiro gave me a copy of Rabbi Yonatan Kolatch’s Masters of the Word , Volume III, and I wanted to use it for this week’s shiur.
Yonatan Kolatch is an American-born rabbi in Israel who has been publishing a series, Masters of the Word, about classic commentators on תנ״ך. The series is chronological, starting from the Tannaim and Amoraim, through the Geonim; volume three is about the early medieval commentators like Rambam, Radak and Ramban. Each chapter discusses one commentator and then that commentator’s analysis of the פרשה, going in order, so volume three is focused on the first half of ספר שמות. The chapter on וארא centers on the Radak.
The problem is that Radak did not write a commentary on ספר שמות. He wrote on most of נ״ך, and on ספר בראשית. So R. Kolatch mostly looks at Radak’s comments on the עקידה, which of course is not in פרשת וארא. So he looks at Radak’s ספר השורשים, a dictionary, that includes words from this week’s parsha.
Last week’s parsha ended with Moshe’s despair; this week, ה׳ sends him back into the fray.
But this time his mission ends up even worse than last time. Last time, at least בני ישראל listened.
Now, no one listens.
And then ה׳ sends him back again; unclear how long after the second mission that was (see פרשת וארא תשפ״ג about Rav Medan’s theory that it was 30 years), but Moshe clearly still feels bitter:
And then the text does something odd. It stops the narrative to give us the genealogy of בני ישראל:
And then resumes the story:
So we have two questions: why the interruption, and what is an ערל שפתים? Moshe objected over and over in the last parsha:
But here there is only one objection, הן אני ערל שפתים.
Radak’s concern, in his dictionary, is: what does ערל שפתים mean? The word ערלה literally means foreskin:
But it is used in other senses throughout תנ״ך:
So Rashi says it means “sealed”:
So Moshe says he is “of sealed lips”. We all know the aggadah that makes it literal:
But Radak translates it as “superfluous”:
ערל שפתים means “lips that say too much”, a stutter. Rashi on Moshe’s initial objection agrees about the stutter.
But still translates ערל as “sealed”, but that is metaphoric: his lips are sealed because it is too hard to talk.
But why beat a dead horse? Moshe has already complained to ה׳ about his speech impediment, and ה׳ said that’s not an excuse:
So I would take ערל שפתים as something different from כבד פה. It’s not a speech impediment that Moshe is complaining about now.
I hate to disagree with Radak, but my thought is that כבד פה וכבד לשון refers to Moshe’s lisp/stutter/speech impediment; that was part of the initial objection. Now, he is ערל שפתים: his lips are sealed. He can’t talk because he has nothing more to say. He’s been talking until he is blue in the face and no one listens to him. אני ערל שפתים is Moshe giving up. So ה׳ presses the metaphoric control-alt-delete. The intercalated אלה ראשי בית אבתם; בני ראובן בכר ישראל… takes us back to ואלה שמות בני ישראל הבאים מצרימה; את יעקב איש וביתו באו׃ ראובן…
The Mechilta makes the point that בני ישראל are no longer listening to Moshe because they don’t want to change, don’t want to do anything to help themselves get out of slavery:
So ה׳ tells him, we’re starting the process all over. Your role now is not to talk, neither to Israel (who won’t hear) or to Pharaoh (who won’t listen). יציאת מצרים will happen with fire and brimstone and all sorts of special effects:
נתתיך אלהים לפרעה; ואהרן אחיך יהיה נביאך and והרביתי את אתתי ואת מופתי בארץ מצרים.
Moshe is ערל שפתים; he has nothing to say as the liberator of בני ישראל. Anything he says would be superfluous (so I guess I do agree with Radak). He will regain his voice when he starts his new role as משה רבינו.