Rabbi Shulman (our Rabbi Shulman’s brother) points out that we just completed the עשרת ימי תשובה, and that had a very different message, centered around the שלש עשרה מידות:
We of course leave out the לא ינקה פקד עון אבות על בנים part. חז״ל interpret these שלש עשרה מידות as מידות of רחמים:
Lots of answers have been given; the dialectic between מידת הדין and מידת הרחמים is a fundamental one, and one that will not be resolved. I’ve quoted this before:
Rabbi Shulman has a specific approach, based on the Ramchal:
Within the הנהגת הייחוד, the Jewish people have a role in history, and so they will never be destroyed. That is independent of שכר ועונש and תשובה.
So does that mean we can get away with anything? No. Any individual Jew is not “the Jewish people” as a whole.
I hate to disagree with Rabbi Eli Baruch Shulman, but I hate bad physics analogies even more. So I will look at this dialectic between הנהגת המשפט and הנהגת הייחוד using another talk of Rabbi Shulman’s, one he gave to the St. Louis Kollel Mussar Vaad on March 12, 2020.
Human beings are social animals. ה׳ doesn’t judge us as isolated individuals because we never are isolated individuals. Rabbi Shulman spoke about the מחצית השקל:
Why should the מחצית השקל protect from דבר, from a plague? Rabbi Shulman says plagues are a natural consequence of crowds; disease can’t spread unless people are interacting with each other. He is speaking at the very beginning of the covid pandemic, so his words have a particular poignancy. So it’s not the counting that brings the plague; it’s the conditions of having a population large enough to warrant counting. But there are two types of crowds. Usually, people form a mob—an unthinking mass of humanity, no different from a herd of animals, and just as susceptible to communicable disease. But people can also form a ציבור—a community—where each person maintains their individuality and their בכירה חופשית, while accepting responsibility for other members of the community. מחצית השקל, which is used to provide for the קרבנות ציבור, symbolizes that. If our crowd becomes a ציבור, then ה׳ promises to protect us from דבר: ולא יהיה בהם נגף בפקד אתם.
And that is what the י״ג מידות של רחמים are about. The “magic formula” is not to say them; the gemara says יעשו לפני כסדר הזה, “they should do these things”.
So each of us, as individuals, have a role to play in “the Jewish people”. No one else can be me. If I fulfill that role, then I am part of the ברית כרותה לשלש עשרה מדות שאינן חוזרות ריקם, and I can tap into that unconditional רחמים. Rabbi Shulman continues, in this year’s essay:
If I want to be part of the הנהגת הייחוד that promises ”ורחמתי את אשר ארחם“, אע״פ שאינו כדאי, then I have to be part of the historic destiny of כנסת ישראל, of the ציבור that has ה׳ as their שליח ציבור. Rabbi Shulman adds the example of the אשה השולמית:
And so Moshe starts this week’s parsha with a call, not to listen (that is addressed to השמים and הארץ) but to participate:
שירת האזינו is not Moshe lecturing to the people; it is an invitation for them all to join together as a ציבור to הבו גדל לאלקינו, lest all the terrible plagues he describes come about.